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TYPE 3 INCIDENTS
Definition of a major or complex incident
The Anchorage Type 3 IMT will respond, in general, to major or complex incidents. The term major or complex incident may have different meanings to different agencies depending upon the size of the jurisdiction, number of resources available, and other variables. However, in the context of incident management, major incidents generally:
- Involve more than one agency and/or political jurisdiction
- Involve complex management and communication issues
- Require experienced, highly qualified supervisory personnel
- Involve multiple victims with injuries, fatalities or illnesses.*
*ICS-400: Advanced ICS for Command and General Staff, Complex Incidents and MACS for Operational First Responders (H-467)
Appropriate incident complexity for Type 3 teams
Incidents may be typed in order to make decisions about resource requirements. Incident types are based upon five levels of complexity. The Anchorage Type 3 IMT may respond to Type 4 or Type 3 level incidents as defined in ICS-400: Advanced ICS for Command and General Staff, Complex Incidents and MACS for Operational First Responders (H-467).
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Type 4
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- Command Staff and General Staff functions are activated only if needed.
- Several resources are required to mitigate the incident, including Task Force or Strike Team.
- The incident is typically contained within one operational period in the control phase, usually within a few hours after resources arrive on-scene.
- The Agency Administrator may have briefings, and ensure the complexity analysis and delegation of authority are updated.
- No written Incident Action Plan is required by a documented operational briefing will be completed for all incoming resources.
- Examples may include a major structure fire, a mult-ivehicle crash with multiple patients, and armed robbery or a small hazmat spill.
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Type 3
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When capabilities exceed initial attack, the appropriate ICS positions should be added to match the complexity of the incident.
- Some or all of the command and General Staff positions may be activated, as well as Division/Group Supervisor and/or Unit Leader level positions.
- A Type 3 Incident Management Team (IMT) or incident command organization manages initial action incidents with a significant number of resources, an extended attach incident until containment /control is achieved, or an expanding incident until transition to Type 1 or 2 IMT.
- The incident typically extends into multiple operational periods.
- A written IAP is typically required for each operational period.
- Examples include a tornado, earthquake, flood or multi-day hostage/standoff situation.
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Characteristics of Type 3 incidents
A Type 3 IMT manages initial action incidents with a significant number of resources, an extended attack incident until containment/control is achieved, or an expanding incident until transition to a higher capability Type I or 2 IMT. When capabilities exceed initial attack, the appropriate Incident Command System positions should be added to match the complexity of the incident. Type 3 IMT level incidents may:
- Include some or all of the command and general staff positions, as well as division/group supervisors and/or unit leader level positions.
- Extend into multiple operational periods.
- Require a written Incident Action Plan for each operational period.
- Include a tornado, earthquake, flood, or multi-day hostage/standoff situation.**
** “Draft: Type 3 Incident Command System, Subject Matter Expert Working Team, Meeting Report, Department of Homeland Security, United States Fire Administration, July 19-21, 2005.”
Incident complexity beyond Type 3 Team capabilities
The Anchorage Type 3 Team incident commander makes the final determination about team response. If the IC determines that the incident exceeds team capabilities, he or she may decline the initial request for assistance. If a growing incident begins to exceed the on-scene team’s capabilities, the IC may request a Type 2 or 1 team to replace the Anchorage Type 3 team. The incident shall exceed team capabilities when it becomes a Type 2 or 1 incident as defined by the following guidelines defined by the U.S. Fire Administration.
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Type 2
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When the incident extends beyond the capabilities for local control and the incident is expected to go into multiple operational periods. A Type 2 incident may require the response of resources outside the area, including regional and/or national resources, to effectively manage the operations, command and general staffing.
- Most or all of the Command and General Staff positions are filled.
- A written IAP is required for each operational period.
- Many of the functional units are needed and staffed.
- Operations personnel do not exceed 200 per operational period and total incident personnel do not exceed 500 (guidelines only).
- The Agency Administrator is responsible for the incident complexity analysis, Agency Administrator briefings, and the written delegation of authority.
- Typically involve indicants of regional significance.
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